{"id":90296,"date":"2012-02-14T06:54:00","date_gmt":"2012-02-14T05:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rolling-lizard-2tbi.flyinghost.app\/mma-adaptation-de-l-entrainement-aux-competitions-grace-a-l-echelle-de-borg-025\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T14:10:35","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T12:10:35","slug":"mma-training-adaptation-to-competition-with-borg-scale-025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/mma-training-adaptation-to-competition-with-borg-scale-025\/","title":{"rendered":"M.M.A. : Training adaptation to competition with Borg scale"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-image1774_c91cb8-04 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1774_c91cb8-04\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"363\" src=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/a2501.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-90288\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le&nbsp;M.M.A.&nbsp;ou Arts Martiaux Mixtes est un sport de combat qui se veut la synth\u00e8se de tous les styles martiaux dans le but d&#8217;\u00eatre le plus efficace possible en combat. Ainsi les combattants peuvent utiliser des techniques de percussion avec pratiquemment toutes les parties du corps, des techniques de projection et des techniques de soumission (<em><abbr title=\"'id est' (Latin) signifie 'c'est \u00e0 dire'\">i.e.<\/abbr><\/em>, cl\u00e9s et \u00e9tranglements). Le combat commence debout mais il est possible de le poursuivre au sol. Les victoires sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement remport\u00e9es soit par&nbsp;K.O., soit par soumission, soit par d\u00e9cision arbitrale. Malgr\u00e9 l&#8217;image violente qui colle au M.M.A., cette discipline est devenue tr\u00e8s r\u00e8glement\u00e9e et s&#8217;est professionnalis\u00e9e depuis les ann\u00e9es 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les sports de combat n\u00e9cessitent des qualit\u00e9s \u00e9lev\u00e9es et combin\u00e9es de force et d&#8217;endurance. En M.M.A., un combat se compose de 3 rounds de 5 minutes chacun avec 1 minute de repos. La demande \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique que n\u00e9cessite un tel combat est tr\u00e8s importante. En effet, l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 des coups port\u00e9s et re\u00e7us et les techniques utilis\u00e9es requi\u00e8rent la mobilisation d&#8217;une masse musculaire importante dans des efforts brefs et intenses, ce qui entra\u00eene une forte concentration de&nbsp;lactate sanguin&nbsp;(voir note ci-dessous).<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);background:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:10px;padding-right:14px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:14px;}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id1774_933710-89 kt-accordion-has-2-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane1774_cbc9f4-d1\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_alertCircle kt-btn-side-left\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"8\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"12\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"16\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"16\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong> Le lactate sanguin ?<\/strong> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour former de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie \u00e0 partir du glucose ou du glycog\u00e8ne musculaire, l&#8217;organisme peut utiliser la glycolyse ana\u00e9robie. Ce processus permet de soutenir des efforts intenses d&#8217;une dur\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 ceux soutenus par le syst\u00e8me ATP-PCr, sch\u00e9matiquement.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/a2502.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90286\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En fin de processus, il y a production d&#8217;ion H<sup>+<\/sup>&nbsp;(proton) et le compos\u00e9 restant se lie avec des ions sodium (Na<sup>+<\/sup>) ou potassium (K<sup>+<\/sup>) pour former un sel, le lactate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Si vous ne devez retenir qu&#8217;une seule chose, c&#8217;est qu&#8217;au final, la concentration de lactate sanguin est l&#8217;indicateur de la sollicitation de la glycolyse ana\u00e9robie. C&#8217;est \u00e0 dire qu&#8217;il refl\u00e8te d&#8217;une certaine mani\u00e8re l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 de l&#8217;effort.&nbsp;Plus sa concentration sanguine sera \u00e9lev\u00e9e, plus l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 de l&#8217;effort sera grande.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si le niveau de lactate est une m\u00e9thode pour \u00e9valuer le niveau d&#8217;intensit\u00e9 d&#8217;un effort, il existe des outils de terrain, comme des questionnaires ou des \u00e9chelles, faciles \u00e0 mettre en place et qui permettent d&#8217;estimer l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue par l&#8217;athl\u00e8te au cours de l&#8217;effort et\/ou juste apr\u00e8s. L&#8217;<strong>\u00e9chelle de Borg<\/strong>&nbsp;est un outil tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre et tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9 dans le milieu sportif dont la validation scientifique a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image1774_e23153-48 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1774_e23153-48\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/a2503.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-90291\"\/><figcaption><strong>Figure 2.<\/strong>&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9chelle de Borg pour mesurer l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue d&#8217;un effort.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;\u00e9chelle de Borg est une \u00e9chelle num\u00e9rot\u00e9e de 6 \u00e0 20. \u00c0 ces valeurs sont associ\u00e9es des ancres verbales qui d\u00e9finissent l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 de l&#8217;effort per\u00e7u par le sportif (Fig. 2). Utilis\u00e9 correctement, cet outil permettra aux entra\u00eeneurs ou aux sportifs de d\u00e9terminer des zones d&#8217;entra\u00eenement en fonction de l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 recherch\u00e9e. Car il est \u00e9galement possible d&#8217;associer \u00e0 cette \u00e9chelle des fr\u00e9quences cardiaques, des concentrations de lactate sanguin, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L&#8217;\u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2009, une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs am\u00e9ricains de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 du Montana, \u00c9tats-Unis s&#8217;est int\u00e9ress\u00e9e au M.M.A. et \u00e0 l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 des entra\u00eenement en comparaison de celle d&#8217;un match de niveau national. L&#8217;objectif de cette \u00e9tude descriptive \u00e9tait double :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00e9terminer les exigences \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques en M.M.A.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9terminer l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 des entra\u00eenements pr\u00e9-comp\u00e9tition<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour cela, 4 combattants ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette \u00e9tude, seul 1 athl\u00e8te avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 particip\u00e9 \u00e0 une comp\u00e9tition officielle de M.M.A. Durant 3 semaines avant la comp\u00e9tition, la lactat\u00e9mie (<em><abbr title=\"'id est' (Latin) signifie 'c'est \u00e0 dire'\">i.e.<\/abbr><\/em>, concentration en lactate sanguin) et l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue de l&#8217;effort ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9es lors de 6 s\u00e9ances d&#8217;entra\u00eenement. Les mesures \u00e9taient r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans les 2 minutes qui suivaient l&#8217;arr\u00eat de l&#8217;effort. Durant chaque session d&#8217;entra\u00eenement, les combattants r\u00e9alisaient 3 circuits diff\u00e9rents :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Circuit 1 :<\/strong>&nbsp;Travail sp\u00e9cifique au M.M.A. incluant un travail en &#8220;shadow&#8221; (<em><abbr title=\"'id est' (Latin) signifie 'c'est \u00e0 dire'\">i.e.<\/abbr><\/em>, dans le vide, sans partenaire) et des exercices de musculation (<em><abbr title=\"'exempli gratia' (Latin) signifie 'par exemple'\">e.g.<\/abbr><\/em>, pompes, tractions, sit-ups, saux verticaux, fentes, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Circuit 2 :<\/strong>&nbsp;Travail sp\u00e9cifique au M.M.A. en 2 rounds de 4 min avec 1 min de repos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Circuit 3 :<\/strong>&nbsp;Circuit H.I.I.T. sur cyclo-ergom\u00e8tre, 20s d&#8217;effort maximal suivi de 10s de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration active durant 4 minutes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Les mesures de lactat\u00e9mie et d&#8217;intensit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue de l&#8217;effort ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es juste apr\u00e8s le combat en comp\u00e9tition<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>R\u00e9sultats &amp; Analyses<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peu d&#8217;\u00e9tudes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es sur le M.M.A., et bien que celle-ci soit uniquement descriptive, elle permet de montrer \u00e0 quel point l&#8217;entra\u00eenement et la comp\u00e9tition dans ce type de sport est exigeant physiquement. Les concentrations de lactate sanguin et les niveaux d&#8217;intensit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue de l&#8217;effort sont tr\u00e8s importants comme le montre la&nbsp;Table 1&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image1774_a4fa1d-66 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image1774_a4fa1d-66\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/a02504.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-90293\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La plupart des combats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 termin\u00e9 lors du 1<sup>er<\/sup>&nbsp;round, ce qui est tr\u00e8s commun, puisque sur l&#8217;ensemble des 17 combats que comptait cette comp\u00e9tition, 14 se sont termin\u00e9es entre 9s et 4min42.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur les 4 sujets, 3 ont obtenus des niveaux de lactat\u00e9mie sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 celui mesur\u00e9 apr\u00e8s le combat. Cela suppose que le type de circuit pratiqu\u00e9 en entra\u00eenement permet de retranscrire les efforts d&#8217;un combat r\u00e9el. Concernant les niveaux d&#8217;intensit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue de l&#8217;effort, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement sup\u00e9rieurs ou \u00e9gaux \u00e0 celui mesur\u00e9 apr\u00e8s le match. N\u00e9anmoins, il est important de noter que certains combattants ont termin\u00e9s le match d\u00e8s le premier round, ce qui implique un niveau d&#8217;effort moindre.&nbsp;<strong>Il semble que chez ces athl\u00e8tes, les niveaux de lactat\u00e9mie correspondent bien au niveau d&#8217;intensit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue de l&#8217;effort.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En plus des aptitudes physiques, les sports de combat requi\u00e8rent de grandes capacit\u00e9s techniques et tactiques. Si les deux ne sont pas directement li\u00e9s, il est toutefois important de garder \u00e0 l&#8217;esprit qu&#8217;il est relativement plus simple de maintenir un niveau technique \u00e9lev\u00e9 et de garder les id\u00e9es claires lorsque la condition physique n&#8217;est pas un probl\u00e8me. C&#8217;est pourquoi l&#8217;entra\u00eenement doit \u00eatre aussi exigeant voire plus que les combats de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 supporter plus facilement les fortes intensit\u00e9s, mises en lumi\u00e8re par les fortes lactat\u00e9mies observ\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Applications pratiques<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La constante commune \u00e0 tous les sports est que l&#8217;entra\u00eenement doit \u00eatre adapt\u00e9e le plus judicieusement possible aux exigences de la comp\u00e9tition. Les sports de combats tel que le M.M.A. requi\u00e8rent des capacit\u00e9s importantes de force et d&#8217;endurance mais \u00e9galement un haut-niveau d&#8217;expertise technique et tactique. Cette \u00e9tude montre qu&#8217;\u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;un outil simple comme l&#8217;\u00e9chelle de Borg, il est possible aux entra\u00eeneurs et aux pr\u00e9parateurs physiques de tester les niveaux d&#8217;efforts per\u00e7us de leurs athl\u00e8tes. Il est ainsi tr\u00e8s facile d&#8217;obtenir sur un groupe de sportifs des valeurs r\u00e9f\u00e9rences en comp\u00e9tition et en entra\u00eenement. Ces valeurs pourront ensuite servir de rep\u00e8res pour adapter l&#8217;entra\u00eenement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amtmann JA, Amtmann KA and Spath WK.&nbsp;<strong>Lactate and rate of perceived exertion responses of athletes training for and competing in a mixed martial arts event.<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>J Strength Cond Res<\/em>&nbsp;22 (2) : 645-647, 2008.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;\u00e9chelle de Borg permet une estimation valide et subjective par l&#8217;athl\u00e8te de l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 de l&#8217;effort per\u00e7ue. Cette m\u00e9thode pourrait \u00eatre utile pour la pr\u00e9paration physique des sports de combat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":85814,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[351],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-training"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":351,"label":"Training"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/couv025-1024x318.jpg",1024,318,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"Aneliya Manolova, Eng., PhD","author_link":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/author\/aneliya\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":351,"name":"Training","slug":"training","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":188,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":34,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":351,"category_count":34,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Training","category_nicename":"training","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90296"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90296\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}