{"id":90193,"date":"2011-10-25T07:31:00","date_gmt":"2011-10-25T05:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rolling-lizard-2tbi.flyinghost.app\/force-maximale-en-squat-sprints-courts-et-hauteur-de-saut-chez-des-footballeurs-professionnels-011\/"},"modified":"2025-05-02T12:26:55","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T10:26:55","slug":"maximal-squat-strength-sprint-performance-and-jump-height-in-soccer-players-011","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/maximal-squat-strength-sprint-performance-and-jump-height-in-soccer-players-011\/","title":{"rendered":"Maximal squat strength, sprint performance and jump height in soccer players"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fff.fr\/\" rel=\"noopener\">football<\/a>, les joueurs professionnels couvrent entre 8 et 12 kilom\u00e8tres par match, en fonction de leur r\u00f4le. Bien que l&#8217;activit\u00e9 d\u00e9pende majoritairement de la capacit\u00e9 a\u00e9robie des joueurs, des sprints courts (<em><abbr title=\"'id est' (Latin) signifie 'c'est \u00e0 dire'\">i.e.<\/abbr><\/em>, 1-4 secondes) sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s pratiquement chaque 90 secondes. Les actions de sprint englobent environ 1 \u00e0 11% de la distance totale parcourue lors d&#8217;un match.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image_c1e858-11 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image_c1e858-11\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/a1101.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-83998\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/a1101.jpg 480w, https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/a1101-294x300.jpg 294w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><figcaption><strong>igure 1.<\/strong>\u00a01\/2 Squat, l&#8217;angle cuisse-jambe est \u00e9gal \u00e0 environ 90 degr\u00e9s.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S&#8217;ajoutent aux sprints, des actions br\u00e8ves et intenses tels que les changements brusques de trajectoire, les contr\u00f4les de ballon face \u00e0 l&#8217;adversaire, les sauts, etc. Ces actions sont principalement d\u00e9pendantes des qualit\u00e9s physiques de force et de&nbsp;puissance&nbsp;des joueurs. Diverses \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment que la force maximale musculaire \u00e9tait li\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#8217;acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration et la vitesse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L&#8217;\u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour v\u00e9rifier cela, en 2004, une \u00e9quipe internationale de chercheurs a voulu d\u00e9terminer plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la relation entre la force maximale des membres inf\u00e9rieurs et les capacit\u00e9s de sprints et de sauts chez des footballeurs professionnels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dix-sept footballeurs professionnels du Rosenborg FC (Trondheim, Norv\u00e8ge) ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette \u00e9tude. Celle-ci s&#8217;est r\u00e9partie sur deux journ\u00e9es s\u00e9par\u00e9es de 3 jours de repos. Le protocole \u00e9tait le suivant :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Journ\u00e9e 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chaque joueur s&#8217;est \u00e9chauff\u00e9 environ 20 minutes \u00e0 50-60% de son VO<sub>2<\/sub>MAX (<em><abbr title=\"'id est' (Latin) signifie 'c'est \u00e0 dire'\">i.e.<\/abbr><\/em>, consommation maximale d&#8217;oxyg\u00e8ne) avant de r\u00e9aliser 3 sauts verticaux avec contremouvement pr\u00e9paratoire (<em><abbr title=\"'id est' (Latin) signifie 'c'est \u00e0 dire'\">i.e.<\/abbr><\/em>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/lexique\/CMJ.php\">CMJ<\/a>). Chaque saut \u00e9tait s\u00e9par\u00e9e d&#8217;une minute de repos, et la meilleure performance \u00e9tait conserv\u00e9e pour les analyses. La hauteur de saut \u00e9tait d\u00e9termin\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;une plateforme de force.&nbsp;Nous reviendrons plus en d\u00e9tails sur le principe de fonctionnement de ce syst\u00e8me dans un chapitre consacr\u00e9 aux m\u00e9thodes d&#8217;analyses du mouvement dans le&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/theorie\/001.php\">cours de biom\u00e9canique du sport et de l&#8217;exercice<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s les sauts verticaux, le&nbsp;1RM&nbsp;en 1\/2 Squat \u00e9tait d\u00e9termin\u00e9 pour chaque joueur (Fig. 1). Trois \u00e0 six essais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaires pour l&#8217;obtenir. Environ 20 minutes apr\u00e8s sa d\u00e9termination, le VO<sub>2<\/sub>MAX et la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque maximale \u00e9taient mesur\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Journ\u00e9e 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lors de la seconde journ\u00e9e, apr\u00e8s un \u00e9chauffement de 30 minutes, les joueurs ont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s, en int\u00e9rieur, 2 sprints de 30 m et 2 tests &#8220;navette&#8221; de 10 m (Fig. 2). Pour enregistrer le temps, des cellules photo\u00e9lectriques \u00e9taient plac\u00e9es tous les 10 m\u00e8tres. Les joueurs partaient quand ils voulaient, le passage devant la premi\u00e8re cellule d\u00e9clenchait le chronom\u00e8trage. Les tests &#8220;navette&#8221; consistaient \u00e0 partir jusqu&#8217;au plot situ\u00e9 \u00e0 10 m de la ligne de d\u00e9part et de revenir le plus rapidement possible \u00e0 la position initiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 partir des r\u00e9sultats obtenus, une matrice de corr\u00e9lation Bravais-Pearson a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e pour \u00e9tudier les relations entre les performances chronom\u00e9triques, la force maximale des membres inf\u00e9rieurs et la hauteur de saut.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image_451dea-35 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image_451dea-35\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"374\" src=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/a1102.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-83996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/a1102.webp 1200w, https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/a1102-300x94.webp 300w, https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/a1102-1024x319.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/a1102-768x239.webp 768w, https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/a1102-600x187.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 2.<\/strong>\u00a0Mise en place des cellules photo\u00e9lectriques \u00e0 10, 20 et 30 m pour les sprints et le test navette.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>R\u00e9sultats &amp; Analyses<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les principales corr\u00e9lations significatives observ\u00e9es sont les suivantes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1RM&nbsp;en 1\/2 Squat (171.7 \u00b1 21.2 kg) et le temps au 10 m (1.82 \u00b1 0.3 s) (<strong>r = 0.94<\/strong>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1RM&nbsp;en 1\/2 Squat (171.7 \u00b1 21.2 kg) et le temps au 30 m (4.0 \u00b1 0.2 s) (<strong>r = 0.71<\/strong>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1RM&nbsp;en 1\/2 Squat (171.7 \u00b1 21.2 kg) et le temps du test &#8220;navette&#8221; de 10 m (4.34 \u00b1 0.3 s) (<strong>r = 0.68<\/strong>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1RM&nbsp;en 1\/2 Squat (171.7 \u00b1 21.2 kg) et la hauteur de saut (56.4 \u00b1 4.0 s) (<strong>r = 0.78<\/strong>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon les auteurs, 96% des sprints durant un match sont inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 30 m, et parmi eux, 49% sont inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 10 m. Les r\u00e9sultats de cette \u00e9tude montrent la forte relation entre la force maximale des membres inf\u00e9rieurs et la performance lors de sprints courts. La corr\u00e9lation est tr\u00e8s forte sur les distances o\u00f9 l&#8217;acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s importante (<em><abbr title=\"'id est' (Latin) signifie 'c'est \u00e0 dire'\">i.e.<\/abbr><\/em>, 10 m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette \u00e9tude montre que le travail en force maximale et en force explosive \u00e0 l&#8217;entra\u00eenement semble \u00eatre un bon outil pour am\u00e9liorer les capacit\u00e9s des joueurs sur certaines actions de jeu. De plus, avec un VO<sub>2<\/sub>MAX mesur\u00e9 de 65.7 ml\u00b7kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00b7min<sup>-1<\/sup>, ces r\u00e9sultats montrent qu&#8217;il est possible de le combiner \u00e0 un niveau de force maximale \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Applications pratiques<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il est important de garder \u00e0 l&#8217;esprit qu&#8217;une corr\u00e9lation ne repr\u00e9sente que le lien entre deux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes. Une force maximale \u00e9lev\u00e9e en squat n&#8217;impliquera pas forc\u00e9ment un temps de course \u00e9lev\u00e9. Cependant, les groupes musculaires en jeu et le type d&#8217;effort \u00e9tant les m\u00eames, cela pourrait aider les footballeurs \u00e0 \u00eatre plus performants. Enfin, dans cette \u00e9tude, les auteurs ont test\u00e9 uniquement la force maximale des membres inf\u00e9rieurs. Il serait int\u00e9ressant dans ce type de test de d\u00e9terminer \u00e9galement la puissance m\u00e9canique produite et le taux de d\u00e9veloppement de force (<em><abbr title=\"'id est' (Latin) signifie 'c'est \u00e0 dire'\">i.e.<\/abbr><\/em>, la force explosive) afin de comparer ces param\u00e8tres cin\u00e9tiques aux temps \u00e0 10, 20 et 30 m\u00e8tres. Ainsi, les pr\u00e9parateurs physiques pourraient prescrire aux joueurs un programme d&#8217;entra\u00eenement sp\u00e9cifique aux qualit\u00e9s requises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0136b5-f8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0136b5-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_0136b5-f8\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0136b5-f8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0136b5-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_0136b5-f8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0136b5-f8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0136b5-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_0136b5-f8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading_0136b5-f8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-1-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_0136b5-f8\">Wisl\u00f8ff U, Castagna C, Helgerud J, Jones R and Hoff J.&nbsp;<strong>Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players.<\/strong><em>&nbsp;Br J Sports Med<\/em>&nbsp;38 : 285-288, 2004.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lors d&#8217;un match de football, environ 96% des sprints effectu\u00e9s sont inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 30 m, et 50% d&#8217;entre eux sont inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 10 m. Existe-t-il un lien entre la force maximale des membres inf\u00e9rieurs et la performance en sprint ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":90190,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[326,351],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fitness","category-training"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":326,"label":"Fitness"},{"value":351,"label":"Training"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/10\/couv011.avif",1024,318,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"Aneliya Manolova, Eng., PhD","author_link":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/author\/aneliya\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":326,"name":"Fitness","slug":"fitness","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":163,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":92,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":326,"category_count":92,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Fitness","category_nicename":"fitness","category_parent":0},{"term_id":351,"name":"Training","slug":"training","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":188,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":34,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":351,"category_count":34,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Training","category_nicename":"training","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90193"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90193\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-sport.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}